Networking · 4 min read
Understanding TCP Connections
Follow a TCP connection from its handshake to its final acknowledgment, and learn what throughput measurements can actually tell you.
Systems, Networking & Practical Tools
Notes on the systems
behind the web.
Practical explanations of Linux, networks and web infrastructure. Small tools for the work in between.
A REQUEST, IN CONTEXT
ClientIntent → request
01DNS · TCP · TLS
NetworkPaths, packets, tradeoffs
02HTTP → response
Web serviceOne layer at a time
03Understand the layers.
Make better decisions.
Start here
Featured notes
Networking · 5 min read
How DNS Resolution Works
Understand resolvers, authoritative servers, caching, and the practical checks that make DNS failures easier to explain.
Web · 5 min read
HTTP/2 vs HTTP/3
Compare the transport choices behind modern HTTP and design tests that separate protocol effects from changing network conditions.
From the notebook
Latest writing
Networking · 4 min read
Understanding TCP Connections
Follow a TCP connection from its handshake to its final acknowledgment, and learn what throughput measurements can actually tell you.
Linux · 4 min read
Running a small Linux service with systemd
Build a readable service unit, distinguish process startup from readiness, and verify safe operational behavior.
Web · 5 min read
Reverse Proxies Explained
Trace requests through a reverse proxy and understand the separate decisions around upstreams, headers, streaming, and failures.
Networking · 5 min read
Reading Traceroute Results
Learn what hop timings reveal, why missing replies can be harmless, and how to turn route output into careful network evidence.
Web · 4 min read
Reading HTTP status codes as operational signals
Understand what a response code establishes, how intermediaries affect it, and when a client can retry safely.
Security · 5 min read
Practical TLS Certificates
Connect certificate validation, automated issuance, and renewal monitoring into a clear operational workflow.
Follow a thread
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Practical tools
Browser-based. Nothing to upload.
JSON Formatter
Format, minify and validate JSON with helpful errors.
Base64 Encoder / Decoder
Encode Unicode text and decode UTF-8 safely.
URL Encoder / Decoder
Escape URL components and inspect encoded text.
SHA-256 Generator
Calculate a cryptographic digest locally.
Unix Timestamp Converter
Move between seconds, milliseconds and dates.
IPv4 CIDR Calculator
Find networks, masks and usable host ranges.
Lab log · October 10, 2026
A new notebook, open.
The first collection brings together 12 technical notes and 8 local developer tools. Read the launch notes and how this site is maintained.